Overview
Refugee claimants in Canada have the right to apply for a work permit, allowing them to seek employment while their claim is being decided. This is a critical benefit because it allows you to support yourself and your family, maintain professional skills, and contribute to Canadian society while awaiting a decision on your refugee claim.
Work authorization for refugee claimants is different from other work permit categories. Understanding the process, timelines, and your rights as a worker is essential for protecting yourself and planning your financial stability.
Open Work Permits for Refugee Claimants
A work permit issued to a refugee claimant is called an "open work permit." This means you can work for any employer in Canada, unlike some other work permit categories that are tied to a specific employer. You are not required to obtain a Labor Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) or a job offer from an employer.
The open work permit allows maximum flexibility to change jobs, seek better opportunities, and pursue your career. However, your work permit is temporary and is tied to your refugee claim status. If your claim is rejected, your work permit becomes invalid.
Eligibility Requirements
To be eligible for a work permit as a refugee claimant, you must:
- Have filed a refugee claim in Canada and received a Claim Reference Number
- Be at least 16 years old
- Not be subject to certain criminal or security-related exclusions
- Be able to work in Canada (have no health or security concerns that would prevent employment)
Work permits can be applied for as soon as a refugee claim is filed. There is no requirement to wait for a decision on the claim before applying for work authorization. In fact, applying immediately upon filing the claim minimizes the time without work authorization.
How to Apply for a Work Permit
You can apply online through IRCC's online portal (My Account) or by paper application submitted by mail. Most people apply online for faster processing.
When applying online, you will need your Claim Reference Number (the number provided when you filed your refugee claim) and a valid travel document (passport or travel document). You will also need to provide information about your medical and criminality status.
The application is straightforward and does not require a job offer or letter from an employer. Applying as soon as the refugee claim is filed helps ensure work authorization as quickly as possible.
Processing Times
Processing times for work permits vary depending on your application method and current processing volumes. As of 2025, processing times are approximately:
- Online Applications: 4 weeks (in many cases), though some applications may take longer if additional information is requested
- Paper Applications: 8-12 weeks, depending on the processing office and current workload
While applications are being processed, work may be possible under valid previous work permits or under IRCC's open work permit policy for permit holders. Verification of work authorization status with IRCC is advisable.
If your application is taking longer than expected, contact IRCC to inquire about the status. If additional information is requested, respond promptly to avoid further delays.
Social Insurance Numbers (SIN)
Once you obtain your work permit, you can apply for a Social Insurance Number (SIN) from Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC). A SIN is a nine-digit number that you must provide to your employer for tax and employment insurance purposes.
To apply for a SIN, you can visit a Service Canada office in person with your passport and work permit. Online applications for SINs are available in limited circumstances. Having a SIN allows you to open a bank account, secure credit, and be legally recognized as a worker for tax purposes.
SINs should be kept confidential and not shared except with your employer, financial institutions, and government agencies. Scams targeting refugees through SIN theft for fraudulent purposes are common.
Your Rights as a Worker
As a refugee claimant with a valid work permit, you have the same employment rights as Canadian workers. These rights include:
- Minimum Wage: Your employer must pay you at least the provincial or federal minimum wage, depending on the industry.
- Safe Working Conditions: Your employer must provide a safe workplace free from harassment and violence.
- Fair Treatment: Your employer cannot discriminate against you based on race, religion, gender, or disability.
- Hours of Work: Your employer must comply with provincial rules regarding maximum hours, overtime, and breaks.
- Statutory Holidays: You are entitled to statutory holidays and vacation time according to provincial law.
If your employer violates these rights, you can contact your province's labor standards office, file a complaint with the labor board, or seek assistance from a worker rights organization.
Restrictions on Work
Even with an open work permit, there are some restrictions on the work you can do. You cannot work in positions that:
- Require security clearance or sensitive government information access
- Are prohibited due to your medical or criminal status
- Require professional licensing in a regulated profession (medicine, law, engineering) without the proper credentials
Most employment is permitted, including casual work, self-employment, and professional work if the required qualifications and credentials are held. Verification with your employer or IRCC regarding questions about work restrictions is recommended.