Inland Claims vs Port of Entry Claims
An inland refugee claim is made after you have already arrived in Canada and entered the country. This is different from making a claim at a port of entry (airport, land border, or seaport). Most people who arrive with a valid visitor visa or other authorization and then decide to claim asylum make inland claims.
You might be making an inland claim if you:
- Entered Canada as a visitor with a valid passport
- Your circumstances changed after arriving in Canada (e.g., you received news of danger to family in your home country)
- You discovered that you cannot safely return to your country of residence
- You are already in Canada and realized you need protection
The process is similar to port of entry claims, but the location where you file and some procedural details differ. Both types of claims are processed by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) and may be heard by the Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB).
Where to File Your Claim
Making an inland refugee claim requires filing in person at an IRCC office. Every province has at least one IRCC office where claims can be filed. The location of the nearest office can be found on the Government of Canada website or by calling IRCC.
When you arrive at the IRCC office, you will:
- Check in at the reception desk and explain that you want to make a refugee claim
- Be given a claim form or directed to complete it online
- Meet with an officer who will process your claim
- Be provided with information about next steps and where to report
It is best to go to the IRCC office early in the day, as they may have limited capacity to process claims. Come prepared with all documents you have available.
Documentation You Need
All available documents should be brought, including:
Identity Documents
- Passport or national ID card
- Travel permits or visas
- Birth certificate (if available)
Evidence of Your Story
- Police reports or arrest records (if applicable)
- Medical or psychological reports (if you have been tortured or suffered trauma)
- Letters from organizations in your country (human rights groups, religious organizations, etc.)
- News articles or reports about the situation in your country
- Photos or documents showing discrimination or harm
Family and Personal Information
- Birth certificate of children (if you have them)
- Marriage certificate or divorce papers
- Names and addresses of family members
Proof of Current Status
- Visitor visa stamp in your passport
- Proof of your current address in Canada (utility bill, lease, letter from landlord)
- Contact information (phone number, email)
Not all documents are necessary. Officers understand that many people fleeing persecution may not have all documents available. Bringing what is available and explaining what is missing is advisable.
Before Your IRCC Interview
Before you go to the IRCC office, take time to prepare:
- 1.Write down your story: Create a timeline of events that led to you needing protection. Include dates, places, and what happened. This will help you remember details during the interview.
- 2.Consider consulting a lawyer: If possible, speak with a refugee lawyer or RCIC before filing your claim. They can help you understand the process and prepare your story.
- 3.Organize your documents: Make copies of all documents and organize them in a folder so you can present them quickly.
- 4.Know your locations: Have the address of the IRCC office and know how to get there. Plan to arrive early.
Example Dialogue at IRCC
This shows the language such as what you might hear when filing your claim at the IRCC office.
IRCC Officer:
"Hello, what can I help you with today?"
Language such as:
"I would like to make a refugee claim. I entered Canada as a visitor, but I can no longer return to my country because I face danger."
IRCC Officer:
"I can help you with that. I have some forms for you to complete. I will also ask you some questions about your situation. Can I see your passport?"
Language such as:
"Yes, here is my passport. I have been in Canada for three months on a visitor visa, but now I cannot go back because my government is looking for me."
IRCC Officer:
"Can you tell me briefly why your government is looking for you?"
Language such as:
"I was a journalist and wrote articles criticizing the government's human rights record. After my last article, they issued a warrant for my arrest on false charges. I have friends who were arrested the same way, and I fear I will be tortured if I return."
The Interview Process
During your interview at the IRCC office, an officer will:
- •Ask you to complete the refugee claim form (IMM 0008)
- •Ask you questions about your personal information, family, and background
- •Ask you to explain your reasons for claiming refugee protection
- •Review any documents you provide
- •Provide you with a referral letter if your claim is accepted for processing
The officer may ask you difficult or personal questions about why you need protection. Try to be honest and provide as much detail as you can. If you need an interpreter, ask for one.
Processing Timeline
After you file your inland claim at the IRCC office, the following timelines typically apply:
Days 1-14: Initial Processing
IRCC processes your claim and verifies information. You should receive your referral letter within a few days. If there are security or background concerns, this may take longer.
Weeks 2-4: IRB Assignment
Your claim is referred to the Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB) for a hearing. The IRB will assign your case to a member and send you information about your hearing date.
Weeks 4-12+: Hearing Preparation
You have time to gather documents, prepare your evidence, and meet with a lawyer if desired. The IRB will send you a hearing notice at least 14 days before your hearing date.
Important Information
Reporting Requirements: After you file your claim, you may be required to report to IRCC on a regular basis (weekly, bi-weekly, or monthly) depending on your circumstances. You must follow reporting requirements or your claim could be suspended.
Work Permit Eligibility: After your claim is referred to the IRB, you may be eligible to apply for a work permit. This allows you to work while your claim is being processed.
Healthcare Coverage: Once your claim is accepted for processing, you may be eligible for the Interim Federal Health Program (IFHP) if you do not have other health coverage.
Legal Representation: You have the right to be represented by a lawyer or RCIC at your IRB hearing. Many lawyers offer free initial consultations.
Disclaimer: This information is provided for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. The refugee claim process is complex and individual circumstances vary. For advice specific to your situation, consult with a qualified refugee lawyer or Regulated Canadian Immigration Consultant (RCIC).